Blog & Research

VanHelsing Ransomware

Written by Rivanorth | 04 August 2025

A newly emerging ransomware strain is turning heads in the cybersecurity world for its sophistication, scale and ambition. Known as VanHelsing, this ransomware as a service (RaaS) operation is designed to target a wide array of platforms, from traditional Windows environments to Linux, ARM-based systems and even virtualised infrastructure like VMware ESXi.

For Australian businesses reliant on hybrid or virtual infrastructure, VanHelsing represents a new breed of ransomware threat that cannot be ignored.

What is VanHelsing Ransomware?

First observed in early 2025, VanHelsing is a commercially run RaaS platform. Threat actors, known as affiliates, can join the operation by paying a deposit, after which they are given access to a prebuilt ransomware kit. Ransom payments are then split between the affiliate (80%) and the core developers (20%).

This model significantly lowers the barrier to entry for cybercriminals and allows the operators to focus on maintaining and improving the malware, while affiliates handle the actual attacks.

Why is VanHelsing Different?

VanHelsing stands out from typical ransomware campaigns for several reasons:

Multi-platform targeting
It is capable of encrypting files on Windows, Linux, BSD, ARM and VMware ESXi systems.

Stealthy persistence
It uses scheduled tasks, registry modifications and anti-detection techniques to remain hidden.

Double extortion tactics
Victims are not only locked out of their data but also threatened with public leaks if the ransom is not paid.

Custom encryption routines
The ransomware uses advanced encryption methods that make recovery without a key nearly impossible.

The Role of the Dark Web in VanHelsing’s Operation

Like many modern ransomware operations, VanHelsing relies heavily on the dark web to operate:

  • Its operators advertise on underground forums and darknet marketplaces
  • Stolen data from victims is published on dedicated leak sites if ransom demands are not met
  • Affiliates communicate and share tools via encrypted channels and hidden services

The entire ecosystem, from recruitment to extortion, is deeply embedded in dark web infrastructure, making dark web monitoring a critical capability for early detection and mitigation.

How VanHelsing Targets Businesses

VanHelsing affiliates typically gain access to victim networks through:

  • Phishing emails with malicious attachments
  • Exploitation of unpatched vulnerabilities
  • Compromised remote desktop protocol (RDP) credentials
  • Access purchased via dark web marketplaces or initial access brokers

Once inside, the ransomware rapidly encrypts files and drops a ransom note, demanding payment in cryptocurrency. Demands can reach up to $500,000, depending on the size and perceived value of the target.

For Australian organisations operating in healthcare, finance, critical infrastructure or cloud services, the ability of VanHelsing to impact virtual machines and containers is especially concerning.

The Role of the Dark Web in VanHelsing’s Operation

Like many modern ransomware operations, VanHelsing relies heavily on the dark web to operate:

  • Its operators advertise on underground forums and darknet marketplaces
  • In some cases, the VanHelsing ransomware code itself has been spotted for sale or lease on dark web platforms, making it accessible to a broader range of cybercriminals
  • Stolen data from victims is published on dedicated leak sites if ransom demands are not met
  • Affiliates communicate and share tools via encrypted channels and hidden services

The entire ecosystem, from recruitment to extortion, is deeply embedded in dark web infrastructure. This makes dark web monitoring a critical capability for early detection and mitigation.

How to Protect Against VanHelsing Ransomware

While no single solution guarantees protection from ransomware, a layered and proactive approach significantly reduces risk.

1. Dark Web Monitoring

VanHelsing affiliates often use credentials bought or leaked on the dark web. Oko, Rivanorth’s dark web monitoring tool, can detect your organisation’s data appearing in underground marketplaces, allowing you to act before an attack begins.

2. Regular Patching and Vulnerability Management

Many ransomware groups exploit known vulnerabilities. Keep all systems, particularly ESXi hosts and Linux servers, up to date with the latest security patches.

3. Secure Backups and Disaster Recovery

Maintain offline and immutable backups. Test your recovery plans regularly to ensure business continuity in the event of an attack.

4. Access Control and Network Segmentation

Use multi-factor authentication, restrict administrative privileges and separate critical systems from general network traffic.

5. Employee Awareness and Phishing Defence

Human error remains the most common attack vector. Educate staff on phishing red flags and simulate attacks to improve resilience.

Oko: Your Early Warning System Against Ransomware

VanHelsing ransomware thrives on dark web ecosystems, from access brokering to leak sites. With Oko, you can monitor:

  • Credentials and domains linked to your organisation
  • Mentions of your company or sector in hacker forums
  • Signs of targeting by known ransomware affiliates

Oko delivers real-time alerts, helping you shut down threats before encryption begins. This kind of proactive visibility is vital in a landscape where traditional firewalls and antivirus tools often come too late.

A New Era of Ransomware Requires New Defences

VanHelsing ransomware signals a turning point in ransomware evolution. Its cross-platform nature, professional operation and use of dark web infrastructure pose a serious challenge to even well-prepared organisations.

For Australian businesses, being reactive is no longer an option. With dark web monitoring, strong security hygiene and the right tooling in place, you can stay one step ahead of today’s most dangerous cyber threats.